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Verbs: -i, -u, and -us

de sandman85, 2007-septembro-28

Mesaĝoj: 4

Lingvo: English

sandman85 (Montri la profilon) 2007-septembro-28 12:45:54

Could someone please help explain these a bit more than the courses do? I'm having a hard time understanding them.

Thanks rido.gif

-sandman

mnlg (Montri la profilon) 2007-septembro-28 13:20:37

-i is the infinitive.
kuri = to run
fari = to do
konstrui = to build.

-u expresses resolution, command or will
mi manĝu = I shall eat! I will eat no matter what! I'm going to eat right now!
[vi] iru hejmen = go home!
Ĉiuj restu ĉi tie = Everyone stay here.

-us expresses uncertainty, hypothesis, doubt. In my language it is used to translate both the "conditional" and "conjunctive" verb modes.
mi irus, se mi povus. I would go if I could.
Mi ne scius. I wouldn't know.
Ĉu vi ŝatus? Would you like?

I hope I helped. Quite possibly you will find some more material in this web site.

mnlg (Montri la profilon) 2007-septembro-28 18:17:47

waxle:it can mean simply "I should eat".
I have never really experienced this usage. IIRC the esperanto name for the -u verb form is "vola modo". My understanding is that it implies a decision that someone is imposing on themselves or others, more than a concern.
It also is used to mark a subjunctive clause;
This is true, but not always in the way you put it. Consider "Mi komencis labori frue matene, tiel ke mia posttagmezo estu libera." I would perhaps render this in English as "so that my afternoon may be free" or perhaps even simply "is free".

Also, I see an underlying decision in this form as well; the result of other forces shaping the upcoming facts in advance. But it might just be my impression.

cution (Montri la profilon) 2007-septembro-28 22:43:56

Basically the way that -u works is it expresses some sort of want that somebody has that something should occur. Here are some example sentences you can look over:

Nia devizo estu "Cxiu parolu Esperanton kvazaux denaskan lingvon!" - May our motto be "May everyone speak Esperanto as if it were a native language!" [Two -u words in this, equates more or less to the English "may ____ happen]"

Ni iru la la vendejo! = Let's go to the store!

Parolu kun mi! = Talk to me!

Vi parolu kun mi! = You ought to talk with me!

Mi volas, ke vi lernu Esperanton. = I want you to learn esperanto.

Mi iris tien, por ke mi povu acxeti gxin. = I went there in order to buy it.

I hope these example sentences make it more clear, how -u works, and what it does.

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