Đi đến phần nội dung

Grammar help (-as, verb + -anta, verb + -inta)

viết bởi Demian, Ngày 26 tháng 5 năm 2012

Tin nhắn: 33

Nội dung: English

Demian (Xem thông tin cá nhân) 14:44:54 Ngày 26 tháng 5 năm 2012

If I am not wrong, there are three ways you can express this sentence - He was eating. - in Espranto:

1. Li manĝis.

And for those who want no nuisance or ambiguity:

2. Li estis manĝanta.
3. Li estis manĝinta.

Am I right in assuming that both "estis verb-anta" and "estis verb-inta" stand for what we call Past Continuous Tense?

The last one for sure cannot be Past Perfect, isn't it?

darkweasel (Xem thông tin cá nhân) 15:10:35 Ngày 26 tháng 5 năm 2012

Demian:
The last one for sure cannot be Past Perfect, isn't it?
Of course it can, and it is.

Demian (Xem thông tin cá nhân) 15:30:36 Ngày 26 tháng 5 năm 2012

darkweasel:
Demian:
The last one for sure cannot be Past Perfect, isn't it?
Of course it can, and it is.
Thank you!

Which means, "Li estis trinkinta alkolohon. Li estis rajdanta motorciklon. La morgaŭa tago, li estis serĉanta lian korpon."

In that case, could you tell which of the following is a correct translation of: "The thieves had run away before the police arrived."

1. La ŝtelistoj estis forkurintaj antaŭ la policanoj alvenis.
2. La ŝtelistoj estis forkurantaj antaŭ la policanoj alvenis.

I think it's the first one.

cxevino (Xem thông tin cá nhân) 15:33:26 Ngày 26 tháng 5 năm 2012

mi manĝas = i eat
mi manĝis = i ate
mi manĝos = i'll eat
mi manĝus = i'd eat
mi manĝu = may i eat
mi estas manĝanta = i'm esting
mi estas manĝinta = i have eaten
mi estis manĝanta = i was eating
mi estis manĝinta = i had eaten
mi estos manĝanta = i'll be eating
mi estos mangxinta = i'll have eaten
mi estus manĝanta = i'd be eating
mi estus manĝinta = i'd have eaten
mi estu manĝanta = may i be eating
mi estu manĝinta = may i have eaten

hebda999 (Xem thông tin cá nhân) 15:46:11 Ngày 26 tháng 5 năm 2012

cxevino:mi manĝas = i eat
mi manĝis = i ate
mi manĝos = i'll eat
mi manĝus = i'd eat
mi manĝu = may i eat
mi estas manĝanta = i'm esting
mi estas manĝinta = i have eaten
mi estis manĝanta = i was eating
mi estis manĝinta = i had eaten
mi estos manĝanta = i'll be eating
mi estos mangxinta = i'll have eaten
mi estus manĝanta = i'd be eating
mi estus manĝinta = i'd have eaten
mi estu manĝanta = may i be eating
mi estu manĝinta = may i have eaten
Not exactly - esperanto does not have tenses which are exact counterparts of the English ones. So don't count on these much. The rule is - if you do not need to, don't use esti+...inta/anta/onta. Most of these forms can be fine expressed by simple tenses.

Miland (Xem thông tin cá nhân) 16:13:26 Ngày 26 tháng 5 năm 2012

Demian:..could you tell which of the following is a correct translation of: "The thieves had run away before the police arrived."
1. La ŝtelistoj estis forkurintaj antaŭ la policanoj alvenis.
2. La ŝtelistoj estis forkurantaj antaŭ la policanoj alvenis.
I think it's the first one.
You are correct, though it would be usual to add ol after antaŭ when comparing events in time. Furthermore, however, Esperanto characteristically puts things more simply, so I might say e.g. Kiam la polico alvenis, la ŝtelistoj jam forkuris.

Demian (Xem thông tin cá nhân) 16:59:04 Ngày 26 tháng 5 năm 2012

hebda999:Not exactly - esperanto does not have tenses which are exact counterparts of the English ones. So don't count on these much. The rule is - if you do not need to, don't use esti+...inta/anta/onta. Most of these forms can be fine expressed by simple tenses.
You are right. I wonder how would Ĉevino translate: "Mi estas manĝonta.", "Mi estis manĝonta." "Mi estos manĝonta.", "Mi estus manĝonta." and "Mi estus manĝonta."?

===
@Ĉevino: You list doesn't contain those five.
===

Of course they are grammatically permissible but then so is this sentence: "The table loves to sit on the chair."

Let's try this one:

If you were there, you would have killed him.
Se vi estus tie, vi mortigus lin.

Now if, say, I were to make it unnecessarily complex, how would I express myself:

Se vi estantus tie, vi mortigantus lin. ???
Se vi estintus tie, vi mortigantus lin. ???

Or any other way?

cxevino (Xem thông tin cá nhân) 18:16:13 Ngày 26 tháng 5 năm 2012

hebda999:
cxevino:mi manĝas = i eat
mi manĝis = i ate
mi manĝos = i'll eat
mi manĝus = i'd eat
mi manĝu = may i eat
mi estas manĝanta = i'm esting
mi estas manĝinta = i have eaten
mi estis manĝanta = i was eating
mi estis manĝinta = i had eaten
mi estos manĝanta = i'll be eating
mi estos mangxinta = i'll have eaten
mi estus manĝanta = i'd be eating
mi estus manĝinta = i'd have eaten
mi estu manĝanta = may i be eating
mi estu manĝinta = may i have eaten
Not exactly - esperanto does not have tenses which are exact counterparts of the English ones. So don't count on these much. The rule is - if you do not need to, don't use esti+...inta/anta/onta. Most of these forms can be fine expressed by simple tenses.
mi manĝas = je mange
mi manĝis = je mangeais
mi manĝos = je mangerai
mi manĝus = j'ai mangerais
mi manĝu = que je mange
mi estas manĝanta = je suis en train de manger
mi estas manĝinta = j'ai mangé
mi estis manĝanta = j'étais en train de manger
mi estis manĝinta = j'avais mangé
mi estos manĝanta = je serai en train de manger
mi estos manĝinta = j'aurai manger
mi estus manĝanta = je serais en train de manger
mi estus manĝinta = j'aurai mangé
mi estu manĝanta = que je mange
mi estu manĝinta = que j'ai mangé

In french, all of these tenses are required for current speaking, and so it is in all romance languages...

Perhaps you could try toki pona...

(And we didn't even mention "mi estas/os/is/us manĝonta" : I am/ i was/ i'll be / i'd be about to eat!...)

darkweasel (Xem thông tin cá nhân) 19:00:19 Ngày 26 tháng 5 năm 2012

Demian:
Which means, "Li estis trinkinta alkolohon. Li estis rajdanta motorciklon. La morgaŭa tago, li estis serĉanta lian korpon."
You got the tenses right, but:
  • la morgaŭa tago is absolute tomorrow, not relative, so you should use posta
  • the expression needs an accusative: la postan tagon
  • who looked for whose body?

hebda999 (Xem thông tin cá nhân) 20:29:22 Ngày 26 tháng 5 năm 2012

cxevino:... bla bla bla...
In french, all of these tenses are required for current speaking, and so it is in all romance languages...

Perhaps you could try toki pona...

(And we didn't even mention "mi estas/os/is/us manĝonta" : I am/ i was/ i'll be / i'd be about to eat!...)
As you have noticed, those tenses are being used in all romance languages, but not in Esperanto in the way you have shown it. And don't be rude. Esperanto does not need so many tenses to express clearly most affairs. Just read Zamenhof notes on using tenses in Esperanto (Lingvaj Respondoj).

Have a nice day.

Quay lại