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Conditional Help

av Foreigner, 9 juli 2014

Meddelanden: 58

Språk: English

Foreigner (Visa profilen) 9 juli 2014 11:37:36

Saluton Esperantistoj.

I need a little bit of help with the conditional. When I use the "-us" ending, that means "would -verb-." Do I understand this correctly? So if I say "Mi studus la esperantan pli," that means "I WOULD study Esperanto more," and not "I SHOULD study Esperanto more." Do I understand this correctly?

If I truly want to say "I should study..." Should I say, "Mi devus studi...?"

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I would also like to know how to form the conditional when not in the present. Suppose I want to say "I would have eaten (yesterday), but..." How can I conjugate a verb to be in the past tense and in the conditional? Will I need to use an auxiliary verb?

And with "would" I also want to know how to put "should" in the past. How do I say, "I should have eaten..." Is that, "Mi devus manĝi...," or something else?

BoriQa (Visa profilen) 9 juli 2014 12:08:17

Saluton! I'm also a beginner in Esperanto, but I will try to help you.

Foreigner:When I use the "-us" ending, that means "would -verb-." Do I understand this correctly?
Yes

Foreigner:So if I say "Mi studus la esperantan pli," that means "I WOULD study Esperanto more,"
Yes

Foreigner:If I truly want to say "I should study..." Should I say, "Mi devus studi...?"
Yes

Foreigner:Suppose I want to say "I would have eaten (yesterday), but..." How can I conjugate a verb to be in the past tense and in the conditional? Will I need to use an auxiliary verb?
Yes, you would need the auxiliary verb esti, conjugated in the conditional, and a participle for the original verb.

Foreigner:How do I say, "I should have eaten..."
Mi estus manĝinta...

tommjames (Visa profilen) 9 juli 2014 12:22:35

Foreigner:I would also like to know how to form the conditional when not in the present. Suppose I want to say "I would have eaten (yesterday), but..." How can I conjugate a verb to be in the past tense and in the conditional? Will I need to use an auxiliary verb?
Simple conditionals in Esperanto are not bound to any time, so you can use "manĝus" for both "would eat" and "would have eaten". When it is not clear from context that you meant a past conditional, you can use a compound verb ("estus manĝinta" ), or use other words (like hieraŭ) to pinpoint it.

Esperanto prefers simpler forms so don't be scared to use a simple -US verb if the context permits it.

Foreigner:And with "would" I also want to know how to put "should" in the past. How do I say, "I should have eaten..." Is that, "Mi devus manĝi...," or something else?
As above, "devus manĝi" might be alright if context clearly sets us in the past. You can also say "estus devinta manĝi" or shorten it to "devintus manĝi", the latter form being fairly common.

BoriQa (Visa profilen) 10 juli 2014 11:24:01

Would this adverbial form be an option too?:

Mi devus maĝinte...

sergejm (Visa profilen) 10 juli 2014 12:06:53

BoriQa:Would this adverbial form be an option too?:

Mi devus maĝinte...
This isn't correct. There must be a verb in infinive (-i) after devus.
Mi devus iri al lernejo (nur) manĝinte. I should go to school (only) after I have eaten.
Ironte al lernejo mi devus manĝi. Before I go to school, I should have eaten.

Foreigner (Visa profilen) 10 juli 2014 22:05:10

sergejm:
BoriQa:Would this adverbial form be an option too?:

Mi devus maĝinte...
This isn't correct. There must be a verb in infinive (-i) after devus.
Mi devus iri al lernejo (nur) manĝinte. I should go to school (only) after I have eaten.
Ironte al lernejo mi devus manĝi. Before I go to school, I should have eaten.
Why are you using "devus" in these examples? Why do you not just say "devas?"

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Another question: Can you put a verb in the past participle and the conditional to avoid the hassle of auxiliary verbs?

tommjames said,

tommjames:... or shorten it to "devintus manĝi," the latter form being fairly common."
If that's the case- you putting "devi" into the past participle with -int-, and the conditional with -us, then is it wrong to say "Mi manĝintus?"

BoriQa (Visa profilen) 11 juli 2014 01:32:41

sergejm:
BoriQa:Would this adverbial form be an option too?:

Mi devus maĝinte...
This isn't correct. There must be a verb in infinive (-i) after devus.
Thanks. I didn't know that.

DuckFiasco (Visa profilen) 11 juli 2014 03:17:19

The conditional isn't limited to a specific time, so I agree with the poster who said a simple -us will suffice the vast majority of the time.

sergejm (Visa profilen) 11 juli 2014 05:19:06

Foreigner:Why are you using "devus" in these examples? Why do you not just say "devas?"
Because you speak about "-us". I would not use "-us" too often:
Patro diris, ke mi iru al lernejo manĝinte. Father tell me go to school after I have eaten.

Foreigner:
Another question: Can you put a verb in the past participle and the conditional to avoid the hassle of auxiliary verbs?
tommjames:... or shorten it to "devintus manĝi," the latter form being fairly common."
Devintus isn't Fundamento word, the same is for devunta, manĝunta. Don't uze it, but know that it means, if you listen it.

sudanglo (Visa profilen) 11 juli 2014 16:45:38

I should have eaten...
Mi estus devinta manĝi - should have (past obligation recognised). Also for, would have had to, as in the following.

Se ni estus konstruintaj kabanon tie ĉi anstataŭ en la arbaro apud Torento, ni estus devintaj ...

Mi devus esti manĝinta - should have (may be used for present recognition of obligation)

vi devus esti veninta pli frue, diris la oficiro
Necesas diskuti nun,” mi diris, “ion, kion ni devus esti diskutintaj laŭorde

Search the Tekstaro with devus esti \w+\PA for more examples of devus esti + participle.

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