Príspevky: 16
Jazyk: English
GorkiT (Zobraziť profil) 10. augusta 2014 1:13:52
Rejsi (Zobraziť profil) 10. augusta 2014 1:56:02
GorkiT:This is making vocabulary learning difficult. You can never tell when this can and cannot be used. Tago is day, but night isn't maltago but nokto. Memori is to remember, but malmemori isn't to forget. It's forgesi. Patro is parent but ido is child. Ino is female but malino isn't iĉo. Super is above, but sub is below. Is there a rule to tell when the opposite is a different root and when it's mal-? Also, what are some good beginners' books/songs/media? Learning is kind of boring with just websites and a textbook. I want to use it too. Dankon por via helpo!Unfortunately there isn't really a rule. I've thought it's a bit strange that right and left are determined by a mal-, but north, south, east, and west are not. Really, at some point in time it just becomes more useful to end up with new roots. If the sentence is just a long string of words with mal-, it might end up a tad confusing and silly. But vocabulary will come in time as long as you keep talking with others!
It's an exaggeration, but I constructed this: "Mi malŝatas malveni al la malamuzejo kun mia malviro malamiko." = "I hate to go to the boring place with my female enemy."
Do you play Minecraft? I dunno if the server is still up, but there was an Esperanto one someone created a while back. Link: http://www.esperanimeo.com/videoludo/esperanto-min...
esperanto.reddit.com has a fairly active userbase if you're interested in more Esperanto communities. The Esperanto Facebook page is perhaps the most active of any Esperanto community.
Shows in Esperanto: http://esperanto-tv.com/
Radio in Esperanto: http://muzaiko.info/
It looks like people made fan Esperanto subs of some anime shows here: http://www.esperanimeo.com/animeo/
AllenHartwell:I told you. Get out. Leave.You clearly don't respect this language. Have you even read the Fundamento? Do you know who Zamenhof was?I hope you are making some sort of joke. If not, what in the world is wrong with you??
morfran (Zobraziť profil) 10. augusta 2014 2:05:20
Luckily, if you don’t know the word for something, you can almost always get away with forging it from its opposite with mal-; maltago isn’t the usual way to say “night”, for example, but it’ll work in a pinch, and someone will probably tell you the usual word in short order.
As for books, I’d recommend the John Wells English-Esperanto Dictionary, which has a two-way dictionary and concise grammar. Some people in these forums have their issues with it, but for a beginner, the all-in-one convenience of this book isn’t easily beat.
For songs, and such, you’re on your own. I have a punk album called Esperanto Subgrunde Kompil’, for example, but that may not be to your taste.
Regarding AllenHartwell, pay him no mind; he was outed as a troll a little while back, and, near as I saw, dropped out of circulation. Not sure why he’s back. Guess he got his second wind.
erinja (Zobraziť profil) 10. augusta 2014 2:59:31
In general, you're more likely to find mal- words with adjectives than with verbs, and it's rare to find mal-words with nouns. One noun generally isn't the opposite of another noun the way that a quality is opposite of another quality. In other words, if you ask "what's the opposite of hard?" you can come up with "soft" (and those are mola = soft, malmola = hard), but if you ask "what's the opposite of parent", I wouldn't really say "child". I'd say it doesn't have an opposite, and not every word does.
Other than that, what everyone else said is accurate. You could certainly say "malmemori" to mean forgesi, in a pinch, and you would certainly be understood. "Malsupre" is a word you definitely hear with some frequency. Some words have both a mal- version and an independent root that are used in parallel.
In short - if it's an adjective it is more likely to have a mal- version than if it's another part of speech, if you really have no clue.
sergejm (Zobraziť profil) 10. augusta 2014 7:02:46
But even it this case, as it has spoken above, sometimes they use separate words.
In the case "maljuna" and "malnova", they are translated to English by same word "old". You must use correct word to translate "old", "olda" is only for "maljuna".
In the cases of mateno - tago - vespero - nokto - (mateno) and nordo - oriento - sudo - okcidento - (nordo) the property is circular, and mal- is not used, only if as a joke.
In the case of color, it contains 3 components (red, green, blue). You could negate each component separatetly, but then
malruĝa = malverda = malblua = malblanka = nigra, malgriza = griza. It is senceless!
But in the case of space orientation, we divide it to components and negate them separately:
supren-malsupren
antaŭen-malantaŭen
dekstren-maldekstren.
It is because we seldom need to mix the directions.
sudanglo (Zobraziť profil) 10. augusta 2014 10:04:35
malmemori isn't to forget. It's forgesiYes and to forget means ne plu memori (you knew it once but don't now) it doesn't mean unremember.
If you conceive of things that aren't real opposites as being mal-versions of the idea, then of course it may be confusing.
What next? Malvintro for Summer? Malmorti for to live? Malflugi for to land? Malmoviĝi for to stand still.
sergejm (Zobraziť profil) 10. augusta 2014 11:05:37
sudanglo:What next? Malvintro for Summer? Malmorti for to live? Malflugi for to land? Malmoviĝi for to stand still.Vintro - printempo - somero - aŭtuno estas the circular property. Mal- can be uzed only as a joke.
There can be odd number of positions in the circle - what is maldimanĉo?
Malmorta is undead, used in some computer game, this is not alive nor dead.
Malflugi? I don't think it is usable, but malflugigi - make it don't fly - is useful.
Malmova - You can find it in tekstaro.
PS: You can't use x-sistemon in English forum then you enter your message first time (it is good, you would receive aŭillary instead of auxillary). But if you edit your message second time, x-sistem is active.
PS2: Do you remember, that there are 8 seasons in the DiskWorld of Pratchett?
You may name them vintro, printempo, somero, aŭtuno, malvintro, malprintempo, malsomero, malaŭtuno.
Malsomero estas la dua somero en la jaro.
erinja (Zobraziť profil) 10. augusta 2014 11:37:38
"malhavi" is a word that you sometimes find, especially in a case like "nemalhavebla"
bartlett22183 (Zobraziť profil) 10. augusta 2014 19:01:05
erinja:There's no rule, and checking in your dictionary is the only way to be sure. ...A good point. I am not sure, for example, that 'malhundajn', although morphologically and (in context) syntactically permissible, makes a whole lot of sense.
In general, you're more likely to find mal- words with adjectives than with verbs, and it's rare to find mal-words with nouns. One noun generally isn't the opposite of another noun the way that a quality is opposite of another quality. ... I'd say it doesn't have an opposite, and not every word does.
The use of 'mal-' can be effective. At one time I was not in favor of it, but as I became more familiar with the language, I realized that it can be effective in cutting down on the number of roots to be learned. Nevertheless, sometimes a little common sense goes a long way. I am no longer in favor of expanding the stock of basic roots unnecessarily, as I once thought would be suitable, but there can be responsible considerations for additional roots, as history has shown. But let us show discernment and judgment. sudanglo (Zobraziť profil) 11. augusta 2014 10:00:15
Malmova - You can find it in tekstaroOnly one instance:
Aleksandro ne eligis la sian (manon); sed li lasis ĝin malmova en la mano de Leopoldo, kaj ne redonis lian manpremon.
This could be more elegantly expressed. Anyway even 'mova' without the mal (connected with movement) has only one hit.
The hits for malmov in derivations are:
Sed la paralizo lin najlis sur lia lito malmovigitan
malmoviĝemeco, malutilaj kutimoj, heredeco
What the analysis malmovigitan should be, I am not at all sure. And why in the accusative? La paralizo najlis lin senmova (ne-movipova) sur la lito.
Movigi is perhaps, more pedantically, moviĝigi - or is it to have someone move something (mi movigis la pianon al la angulo)
Malmoviĝemo I would suggest is estas mal-emo moviĝi rather than emo malmoviĝi.