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what conditions allow estas to be optional?

ya dvs1, 16 Novemba 2014

Ujumbe: 8

Lugha: English

dvs1 (Wasifu wa mtumiaji) 16 Novemba 2014 12:45:56 alasiri

Specifically, I'm curious about why estas is optional here:

"En geometrio, alto de triangulo estas streko kuniganta verticon kun la kontraŭa latero aŭ ĝia vastigaĵo, perpendikulara al la latero.

Ĉi tiu latero la bazo de la alto." (source)

This side/edge is the base of the altitude.

Ĉi tiu latero estas la bazo de la alto.

disgustus (Wasifu wa mtumiaji) 16 Novemba 2014 12:55:08 alasiri

It looks to me like the person who wrote it might have simply forgotten to write estas in the sentence. I know I often speak Esperanto in my head while I'm writing it to get the words moving, and sometimes I'll think a word and then forget to write it.

BoriQa (Wasifu wa mtumiaji) 17 Novemba 2014 12:11:07 asubuhi

dvs1:Ĉi tiu latero estas la bazo de la alto.
You are right. "Estas" is missing in the source article.

sergejm (Wasifu wa mtumiaji) 17 Novemba 2014 5:27:25 asubuhi

In "Proverbaro" there are some proverbs with missing "estas". However, in normal speech, this is not allowed.
Some Latin proverbs are also with missing "est/sunt".

dvs1 (Wasifu wa mtumiaji) 17 Novemba 2014 6:39:55 alasiri

Thanks y'all.

What about:

Mi estas laca.

vs

Mi ĝojas.

I also don't understand why ĝojas is a verb, instead of an adjective.
In other words, why wouldn't we say 'Mi estas feliĉa.' or 'Mi estas ĝoja.'?

nornen (Wasifu wa mtumiaji) 17 Novemba 2014 8:07:59 alasiri

dvs1:Thanks y'all.

What about:

Mi estas laca.

vs

Mi ĝojas.

I also don't understand why ĝojas is a verb, instead of an adjective.
In other words, why wouldn't we say 'Mi estas feliĉa.' or 'Mi estas ĝoja.'?
"Mi lacas" and "Mi estas laca" is the same thing. There is little to none difference between adjectives and verbs that express a quality.

Mustelvulpo (Wasifu wa mtumiaji) 17 Novemba 2014 9:24:55 alasiri

dvs1:I also don't understand why ĝojas is a verb, instead of an adjective.
In other words, why wouldn't we say 'Mi estas feliĉa.' or 'Mi estas ĝoja.'?
In Esperanto, any root can be made into any part of speech as long as the result makes logical sense. If you don't like "mi ĝojas," then by all means say "mi estas ĝoja." For some reason, Mi ĝojas and mi lacas don't bother me but I don't like constructions like li patras (he is a father) or la maro bluas (the sea is blue), even though they are allowed in Esperanto. I'd never use them that way but it's important to recognize such usage when it is heard or seen in print.

dvs1 (Wasifu wa mtumiaji) 20 Novemba 2014 6:58:31 asubuhi

Mi estas danka. :-]

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