Someone told me that Arabic doesn't have a past continuous. What about other languages? Do most languages have a past, present, and future continuous? I think Esperanto has it because of the -nt- endings.

For example:
Past Simple - I played video games
Past Continuous - I was playing video games

Present Simple - I play video games
Present Continuous - I am playing video games

Future Simple - I will play video games
Future Continuous - I will be playing video games

fortunately there is no such thing in russian.

faust_twi:fortunately there is no such thing in russian.

Actually, Russian has something quite similar. Compare imperfective vs. perfective aspect (несовершенный и совершенный виды глагола - например, изучать-изучить, находить-найти). The aspect is important for past and future tenses, though not the present. It is the same in other Slavic languages and Greek.

Romance languages have a distinction between simple and continuous, for example studio and sto studiando in Italian, that works like in English (I study, I am studying).

I think Esperanto has it because of the -nt- endings.

Please note that esti + active participle is rarely seen among proficient Esperantists - it is much preferred to use the simple forms -is, -as, -os, using other words or affixes to further specify duration - e.g. ankoraŭ, -ad-.

This is especially true for the present tense - something like Mi estas studanta would be used only to particularly emphasise the ongoing nature of the action. It is not really equivalent to a continuous tense in English or Italian, given its very infrequent use.

Polish Language has only past, present and future.
I played football - (Ja) grałem w piłkę nożną.
I play football - (Ja) gram w piłkę nożną.
I will play football - (Ja) będę grał w piłkę nożną.

If you want to say about something witch was done you say:
I have played football - (Ja) zagrałem w piłkę nożną.

So we use prefixes za- or po- (or prze- and a bit more).
I am begginer and i don't know but i think esperanto is similar (-is, -as, -os and if it's done you say: Mi ludigis piedpilkado. (with surfix -ig-).