Tin nhắn: 3
Nội dung: English
linokai1 (Xem thông tin cá nhân) 22:53:16 Ngày 07 tháng 9 năm 2017
nornen (Xem thông tin cá nhân) 23:51:05 Ngày 07 tháng 9 năm 2017
Both the English infinitive (be) and the English gerund (being) correspond to Esperanto infinitives. However the English present participle (being, which unfortunately looks the same as the gerund) generally corresponds to the Esperanto present participle (estant/).
The thing is that the gerund once was the (nominally) inflected form of the infinitive, i.e. gerunds and infinitives are basically the same, just the former is marked for case while the latter is not. Compare Latin: amare, amandi, amando, amare (ad amandum), amando.
So:
Infinitive -> infinitive: I want to see you. = Mi volas vidi vin.
Gerund -> infinitive: I love swimming. = Mi amas naĝi.
Gerund -> infinitive: Swimming is good. = Naĝi estas bone.
Participle -> participle: I saw a swimming elephant. = Mi vidis naĝantan elefanton.
Participle -> participle: Swimming in the sea, I crapped. = Naĝante en la maro, mi fekis.
The most complicated thing here is actually the fact that in English gerunds and present participles look the same, and it might be difficult (for native speakers) to identify whether an -ing form is a gerund or a participle.
linokai1 (Xem thông tin cá nhân) 00:21:03 Ngày 08 tháng 9 năm 2017