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When to use -ulo vs. -anto

от ecjade, 18 февраля 2010 г.

Сообщений: 10

Язык: English

ecjade (Показать профиль) 18 февраля 2010 г., 17:15:31

I'm wondering when it's appropriate to use -ulo and -anto. I see lover as amanto, but would amulo ever be correct? And could sanulo ever be sananto? or Doktoro Esperanto be Doktoro Esperulo? okulumo.gif

Ironchef (Показать профиль) 18 февраля 2010 г., 17:39:25

ecjade:I'm wondering when it's appropriate to use -ulo and -anto. I see lover as amanto, but would amulo ever be correct? And could sanulo ever be sananto? or Doktoro Esperanto be Doktoro Esperulo? okulumo.gif
There are differences. "-anto" means "one who..." so that Esperanto means "One who hopes" or "One who is hoping", using a verb form. I don't think you could have "Sananto" because "sana/sano" are not verbs, so you cannot have "one who healthies". Sanulo therefore takes the sense of "one who is healthy". Hope this makes sense.

ecjade (Показать профиль) 18 февраля 2010 г., 17:56:05

Ok, that makes sense. So from kuri we get kuranto, but from alta we'd get altulo. Ĉu ne?

Rogir (Показать профиль) 18 февраля 2010 г., 19:37:05

Yes,in general, all verb roots are used with -anto, and all adjective roots are used with -ulo.

darkweasel (Показать профиль) 18 февраля 2010 г., 20:03:32

Sananto is a completely fine Esperanto word, as there's the word sani for "to be healthy" (even found in §42 of the Fundamenta Ekzercaro!). Thus, a sananto is somebody who is healthy.

However, sananto is not a common word, and indeed sanulo is more commonly used. -anto means "somebody who does ...". -ulo means "somebody characterized by ...". Often they both make sense.

ecjade (Показать профиль) 18 февраля 2010 г., 20:08:07

Thanks for the clarifications... that helps! It's a subtlety I haven't seen explained anywhere.

gyrus (Показать профиль) 19 февраля 2010 г., 10:31:18

-emulo is often far more fitting than -anto in other situations (OK, this is slightly unrelated, but while we're on the general topic). If you want to say you're an amateur painter, you wouldn't use pentristo because that would suggest you're professional, and pentranto could mean that you're just painting at the moment, but pentremulo would explain that you paint for fun.

erinja (Показать профиль) 20 февраля 2010 г., 2:55:35

I would say that the meanings are:
[root]-ulo = one who is [root]
[root]-anto = one who [root]s

So altulo = one who is tall. Altanto = one who talls? The -ant- version doesn't make much sense, so that's a clue that this isn't a great choice of word.

Parolulo = one who is speech (doesn't make much sense). Parolanto = one who is speaking (makes sense)

Lupulo = one who is a wolf (wolf-man, yeah!). Lupanto = one who is wolfing (doesn't make that much sense)

To indicate that someone likes to do something, -em- is a good suffix to add, as someone has already mentioned. So a naĝanto is someone who is swimming now. A "naĝulo" is a swim person, which doesn't make a ton of sense. However, "naĝema" means inclined to swim, or liking to swim (an adjective! and adjectives are often associated with -ul), so a "naĝemulo" is a person who likes swimming (one who is swimming-inclined, to use my "fill in the blank" method of building a word).

trojo (Показать профиль) 26 февраля 2010 г., 0:20:41

Rogir:Yes,in general, all verb roots are used with -anto, and all adjective roots are used with -ulo.
In general, yeah. Except for "plenkreskulo", which logically should be "plenkreskinto". rido.gif

Rogir (Показать профиль) 26 февраля 2010 г., 10:40:38

Yes, that is a bit strange. Maybe it is because the word is more describing a state than a past action, but still it is a bit of an exception.

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