These phrases are super easy but I want to make sure i completly grasp esperanto grammar. please give an explanation.
DANKON!

Father makes a cake.
Patro faras kukon.

The boy will-have the sugar.
La knabo estos la sukero.

The son forgot the milk.
La filo forgxesan la lakton.

The boys drink tea.
La knaboj trinkas teon.

The friend sold the bread.
La amiko vendis la panon

The teacher sees a boy.
La instruisto vidas knabon

The son has a friend.
La filo havis amikon.

The brother made bread.
La frato faris panon.

Father forgot the sugar.
Patro forgesis la sukeron

The boys had friends.
La knaboj vidis la pano.

The sons saw the bread.
La filoj vidis la pano.

The brothers sell sugar.
La fratoj vendi sukeron.

The teacher forgets the boy.
La instruisto forgxesis la knabo

The friend will-drink milk.
La amiko vendos lakton.

Father will-sell the cake. Patro vendos la kuko.

The friend had bread.
La amiko havis panon.

The boys will-see the teachers.
La filoj vidis la instruiston

The teachers drink coffee.
La instruistoj trinkas kafon.

bickysolis:These phrases are super easy but I want to make sure i completly grasp esperanto grammar. please give an explanation.
DANKON!

Father makes a cake.
Patro faras kukon. [Ĝuste]

The boy will-have the sugar.
La knabo havos la sukeron. ["estos" = will be, "sukero" should have "-n".]

The son forgot the milk.
La filo forĝesis la lakton. ["-as" (not "-an") is present tense. Since "forgot" is in past tense, use "-is"]

The boys drink tea.
La knaboj trinkas teon. [Ĝuste]

The friend sold the bread.
La amiko vendis la panon [Ĝuste]

The teacher sees a boy.
La instruisto vidas knabon [Ĝuste]

The son has a friend.
La filo havas amikon. ["has" is present tense, so use "-as"]

The brother made bread.
La frato faris panon. [Ĝuste]

Father forgot the sugar.
Patro forgesis la sukeron [Ĝuste]

The boys had friends.
La knaboj havis amikojn. ["vidis la pano" means "the bread saw", since "pano" didn't have "n". Evidently, this is for the next sentence.]

The sons saw the bread.
La filoj vidis la panon. [Add "-n", since "pano" is the object.]

The brothers sell sugar.
La fratoj vendis sukeron. [Mispelled, I guess.]

The teacher forgets the boy.
La instruisto forĝesis la knabon. ["knabo" is the object, therfore add "-n".]

The friend will-drink milk.
La amiko trinkos lakton. ["vendos" means "will sell". Again, this is for the next sentence.]

Father will-sell the cake. Patro vendos la kukon. [Object, therefore add "-n".]

The friend had bread.
La amiko havis panon. [Ĝuste]

The boys will-see the teachers.
La filoj vidos la instruiston ["will" implies future tense, therefore use "-os".]

The teachers drink coffee.
La instruistoj trinkas kafon. [Ĝuste]

By the way, "ĝuste" means "correct".

bickysolis:Father makes a cake.
Patro faras kukon.
(100% Correct. Could also be "Patro kuiras kukon" if I'm correct)

The boy will-have the sugar.
La knabo estos la sukero.
(La knabo havos la sukeron - You wrote "The boy will be the sugar")

The son forgot the milk.
La filo forgxesan la lakton.
(La filo forgesis la lakton - "forgxesan" sounds like it might be from an Esperantido - a "daughter language" of Esperanto)

The boys drink tea.
La knaboj trinkas teon.

The friend sold the bread.
La amiko vendis la panon

The teacher sees a boy.
La instruisto vidas knabon

The son has a friend.
La filo havis amikon.
(See patrik's post - "La filo havis amikon" is "The boy *had* a friend (he no longer has a friend anymore? ))

The brother made bread.
La frato faris panon.
(Apparently (same goes for kukoj) you can use "baki" too - La frato bakis panon)

Father forgot the sugar.
Patro forgesis la sukeron
(You got this one with forgesi right )

The boys had friends.
La knaboj vidis la pano.
(see patrik's)

The sons saw the bread.
La filoj vidis la pano.
(needs the accusative for pano (panon))

The brothers sell sugar.
La fratoj vendi sukeron.
(la fratoj vendas sukeron - unless it was a sentence like "Mi ordonis la fratoj vendi sukeron" - I ordered the bro's to sell sugar)

The teacher forgets the boy.
La instruisto forgxesis la knabo
(forgesas. The teacher currently, continuously forgets that boy.)

The friend will-drink milk.
La amiko vendos lakton.
(Unless he's selling himself milk to drink it, it should be "La amiko trinkas lakton")

Father will-sell the cake. Patro vendos la kuko.
(all is right except "kuko" - it must be "kukon")

The friend had bread.
La amiko havis panon.

The boys will-see the teachers.
La filoj vidis la instruiston
(you've written "the sons saw the teacher" - you want "La knaboj vidos la instruistojn")

The teachers drink coffee.
La instruistoj trinkas kafon.
(Correct!)

You need some practice, but you're doing quite well (sometimes you give a wrong translation, but for the next example you get it right even if only one word has changed, so maybe something small is confusing).
For reference:
- If something is having something done to it (e.g. being drunk, being sold, being baked/cooked/eaten), give it an -n at the end, even if it is plural and already has -j. So, if I'm eating an apple, I'd say "Mi mangxas pomon" - the "pomo" is being eaten, so it gets an -n.
- If it's in the present tense in English, e.g. just a normal verb without "to" infront or -ed behind, or an -ing verb, you can just put -as in Esperanto. If it's in the past tense in English, -is in Esperanto, and if there's "will" next to your English verb, put in -os in Esperanto. Tre simple

Good work, keep at it - the more examples you write yourself, the better!

That's exactly what I needed. Thanks for the elaborate responses. I love you both! lol