Viestejä: 38
Kieli: English
Winnipegis (Näytä profiilli) 20. toukokuuta 2010 15.44.18
1. How does one form the passive aspect? To those who may have forgot what that means, it is when the subject of the sentence is having the action done upon him or herself. For example: The man is bitten by the dog. In the active aspect, this sentence would be read: The dog bites the man.
2. How do I form complex verb tenses? I understand the basic simple present, past, future, imperative, and conditional, but what about those tenses we use every day in English? I am talking about progressive aspects (I am eating, I was eating, I will be eating), perfective aspects (I have eaten, I had eaten, I will have eaten), and so on.
3. Are there any audio books or videos or lessons for Esperanto? Every language I have tried to learn ended up being a walk in the park for reading, but understanding spoken conversation was difficult. I believe this is because I ended up learning so much of the language before listening to it, so my expectations for how to pronounce certain words was heavily off. I had to relearn words I had known in text in order to understand them spoken.
Dankon,
-W
Miland (Näytä profiilli) 20. toukokuuta 2010 16.16.46
1. "The man is bitten by the dog" would be La viro estas mordita de la hundo.
2. Complex tenses are not used in Esperanto as often as in English. Its mode of expression is typically simpler, which suits an international language. You can translate complex tenses if you really want to, at least approximately, but I wouldn't bother, at least while you are learning the language.
3. Many of the courses on the Lernu! website have a downloadable audio element. The course Jen Nia Mondo is available in two parts with accompanying CDs (the accent of the female speaker is better in Part 2). There is a course on video called Pasporto al la tuta mondo, unfortunately rather expensive.
ninjaaron_0 (Näytä profiilli) 20. toukokuuta 2010 16.21.50
All forms of the passive are rendered by theApparently the passive may also be formed by putting a verbal ending on the passive participle (the -at-, -it-, -ot- set of endings), so the above sentence could also be "ŝi amatas de ĉuij."
respective forms of the verb est (to be) and the participle passive of the required verb; the preposition used is de, "by". E. g. ŝi estas amata de ĉiuj, "she is loved by every one".
2. Such constructions are generally not used in Esperanto. The simple tenses are much more versatile than our simple English tenses. However, if you really, really, really want to emphasis the aspect, it is possible to build tenses using the same type of constructions as in English, using the active participle (-anta, -inta, -onta)and the verb esti (basically as above):
mi estas monĝanta : I am (currently in the proccess of) eating
mi estis monĝanta : I was (in the process of) eating.
mi estas monĝinta : I have eaten (lit. I am one who ate).
mi estis monĝinta : I had eaten...
etc...
You could also probably produce similar effects with adverbs in most cases, which I think is the standard way to go about it.
It is worth saying that most languages do not have as flexible a system for expressing aspect with auxiliaries as English has, and I can assure you that you will be well (perhaps better) understood without using these kinds of constructions.
3. don't know.
Wilhelm (Näytä profiilli) 20. toukokuuta 2010 16.42.07
ninjaaron_0:mi estas monĝantaHow does one "monĝi"?
erinja (Näytä profiilli) 20. toukokuuta 2010 19.46.19
Miland:There is a course on video called Pasporto al la tuta mondo, unfortunately rather expensive.I am glad to report that Miland's information is outdated. A year or two ago, Pasporto al la tuta mondo was released with a Creative Commons license for free download and distribution. It is still available for purchase on DVD, but you can now download it online, legally.
It's available on Youtube, and there are also torrents of it, if you have torrent software.
I recommend the "Mi estas komencanto" course at lernu for additional audio learning. You could also start listening to some Esperanto podcasts. You will begin to understand them much more quickly than you would understand a podcast in another foreign language, and it will also get you used to the sounds of the language. Radio Verda is a popular one. There aren't transcripts online, but the programs are not very long and they usually talk about things that have been in the news, so if you keep up with the news, you should have an idea of what they're talking about (which helps a lot with comprehension). There is also a brief list of topics that will be covered in each program, so you know what you are listening for.
Miland (Näytä profiilli) 20. toukokuuta 2010 20.40.31
Winnipegis (Näytä profiilli) 20. toukokuuta 2010 21.23.43
Present Passive Particle Ending: -ita
Past Passive Particle Ending: -ata
Future Passive Particle Ending: -ota
So, if I wanted to say 'The language was understood" I would say La lingvo estis komprenata? If I wanted to say 'The language is understood.' I would say La lingvo estas komprenita? Likewise, with the future: La lingvo estos komprenota?
One thing that confuses me, if these endings and/or my usage is correct, is how the past tense and present tense use -ata and -ita respectively. -ota makes sense because the tense for 'to be' in the future ends -os. I think people would easily and logically assume -ata would be for estas and -ita for esti. Why's it the other way around?
Again, correct me if I am wrong.
Evildela (Näytä profiilli) 20. toukokuuta 2010 21.47.08
Winnipegis:So, if I wanted to say 'The language was understood"I'm a learner also so this may be wrong but heres my two cents anyhow. What I think your trying to convey is "the language is understood by all" Tell me if I wrong? Thus I'd translate this as:
Ĉiuj komprenas la lingvon
or if your just referring to people in general then you might use:
Oni komprenas la lingvon
Then again I could be terribly wrong, so if I am someone just tell me to go back in my box.
dukemasuya (Näytä profiilli) 20. toukokuuta 2010 23.20.12
Miland:The video part of Pasporto is downloadable (e.g. on Youtube), but is this the case with the texts and exercises? They occupy a hefty volume or a whole CD. The Cuban teacher Elsa Torres strongly urges students to work through them.I have downloaded the transcripts and exercises before. From where, I can't remember right now. I'll see if I can find it then I shall direct you there.
Miland (Näytä profiilli) 20. toukokuuta 2010 23.23.00
Winnipegis:..correct me if I am wrong.Here are the correct forms.
Past Passive Particle Ending: -ita
Present Passive Particle Ending: -ata
The language was understood: La lingvo estis komprenita.
The language is understood: La lingvo estas komprenita.
(You would use komprenata if something was in the process of being understood, i.e. for something incomplete).