Contribuții/Mesaje: 15
Limbă: English
bdlingle (Arată profil) 25 iulie 2015, 16:58:11
michaleo (Arată profil) 25 iulie 2015, 17:57:05
bdlingle (Arată profil) 25 iulie 2015, 18:35:11
orthohawk (Arată profil) 25 iulie 2015, 19:17:24
bdlingle:Thanks for the link but I am still confusedA prerequisite is understanding just what a "participle" is. Not being snarky, honest. Does thee know what one is? How it's used?
Once thee's got that down, it's a matter of translating the English form into Esperanto or vice versa. Of course, given the lack of all but two versions of those forms in English, sometimes it takes phrases and clauses for the English version.
There's a glass of water on the table and I just came in after a weeding session in the garden and am hot and thirsty. I walk toward the table:
Mi estas trinkonta la akvon (I am about to drink the water, am going to drink the water)
La akvo estas trinkota (the water is about-to-be-drunk or going-to-be-drunk); jen la trinkota akvo (here is the about-to-be-drunk water)
I've got the glass to my mouth and water is going down my throat:
mi estas trinkanta la akvon. I am (in the process/middle of) drinking the water.
la akvo estas trinkata. The water is (in the process/middle of) being drunk.
The glass is empty and back on the table:
Mi estas trinkinta la akvon. I have drunk the water (lit: I am having-drunk the water)
La akvo estas trinkita. The water is drunk (lit: the water is having-been-drunk)
If thee can wrap thy head around the phraseology, translating the participles as (verb)-ing, being (verb)-ed, having-(verb)-ed, having-been-(verb)-ed, about-to-(verb), and about-to-be-(verb)-ed should get thee thru any need of the Esperanto participles.
bdlingle (Arată profil) 25 iulie 2015, 20:08:37
mbalicki (Arată profil) 25 iulie 2015, 20:45:27
Let's have a verb with a subject and an object: Knabo manĝas pomon. We have a boy (knabo, subject) who's eating (manĝas, verb) an apple (pomon, object). We could describe our two nouns from this sentence in the following way (in regard to the verb): (subject) boy is the eater and (object) apple is being eaten.
In Esperanto one would express this relation to the verb using participles: active for the subject, since he's acting upon the apple, and passive for the object, since upon it the action is being acted (both present, since our verb manĝas is in present tense). So knabo estas manĝanto and pomo estas manĝata. I used the nominal participle (a noun, -o) for the subject, because I'm describing the identity of the boy, and the adjectival participle (an adjective, -a), because I'm describing the feature of the apple, but you're free to put your thoughts differently.
Did I manage to clear this up? Participles other than present (so past and future) and other than nominal and adjectival (so adverbial) work similarly, however many constructions are rarely used, being not that useful. But tell me if you'd like me to elaborate on any of them in particular.
bdlingle (Arată profil) 25 iulie 2015, 20:54:44
Tempodivalse (Arată profil) 26 iulie 2015, 03:16:00
For example - "I am eating" should be Mi mangxas, not Mi estas mangxanta. While the latter is not incorrect, it sounds quite clumsy and unnecessary to the proficient Esperantist.
In fact, in the beginning/intermediate stages, I would say you would hardly ever need to use the active adjectival participles. And even in fluent speech/text, outside of more literary contexts, you don't see them too often.
Note that this doesn't apply to participles that are used without esti.
bdlingle (Arată profil) 28 iulie 2015, 01:42:23
Tempodivalse:Just to clarify, esti + active adjectival participle is used much much less frequently than the English continuous tenses. In 99% of cases, the simple -is/-as/-os tenses are preferred.ok, thanks I was worried I had to use them for a certain reason, but I do know how to use them as adjectives
For example - "I am eating" should be Mi mangxas, not Mi estas mangxanta. While the latter is not incorrect, it sounds quite clumsy and unnecessary to the proficient Esperantist.
In fact, in the beginning/intermediate stages, I would say you would hardly ever need to use the active adjectival participles. And even in fluent speech/text, outside of more literary contexts, you don't see them too often.
Note that this doesn't apply to participles that are used without esti.
AmericanBull (Arată profil) 31 iulie 2015, 20:31:12
Tempodivalse:Just to clarify, esti + active adjectival participle is used much much less frequently than the English continuous tenses. In 99% of cases, the simple -is/-as/-os tenses are preferred.Would the use of participles be more dominant in literary work/translations, and the spoken form would be more likely to use the "efficient" form, using manĝas instead of estas manĝanta?
For example - "I am eating" should be Mi mangxas, not Mi estas mangxanta. While the latter is not incorrect, it sounds quite clumsy and unnecessary to the proficient Esperantist.
In fact, in the beginning/intermediate stages, I would say you would hardly ever need to use the active adjectival participles. And even in fluent speech/text, outside of more literary contexts, you don't see them too often.
Note that this doesn't apply to participles that are used without esti.
Joke: Mathematicians are efficient. They're so efficient, they even spell efficient efficiently. They can spell it with only four letters. L A Z Y.