La akuzativo post participoj kiam estas prepozicio
글쓴이: Nala_Cat15, 2020년 4월 3일
글: 11
언어: Esperanto
Nala_Cat15 (프로필 보기) 2020년 4월 3일 오후 7:25:37
ekzemple:
en mallumitaj ĉambroj aŭ en mallumitaj ĉambrojn ?
ĉu la prepozicio nuligas la akuzativon eĉ se poste estas (transitiva) participo? Mi demandas ĉar mi trovis ekzemplon en PIV kiu ŝajnis strange laŭ mi
"....plej granda komprenebleco por instruitaj homoj." -PIV. Kiel vi povas vidi, Zamenhof ne uzis la akuzativon ĉi tie en la vorto "homoj"
Dankon.
Metsis (프로필 보기) 2020년 4월 3일 오후 8:11:01
- Ili estas en mallumita ĉambro.
- Ili iras en mallumitan ĉambron.
- Ili estas en mallumitaj ĉambroj.
- Ili iras en mallumitajn ĉambrojn.
Nala_Cat15 (프로필 보기) 2020년 5월 1일 오후 3:28:21
Je 1:34 li eksplikas tion, ke oni ankoraŭ uzas la akuzativon kun kunmetitaj verbformoj(n?).
Do ŝajnas iome kontraŭdira ke zamenhof ne uzis la akuzativon kun homoj en la frazeto "por instruitaj homoj
Metsis (프로필 보기) 2020년 5월 1일 오후 4:16:19
While a participle is formed from a verb, it is always either an adjective (ends in -a), a noun (-o) or an adverb (-e). Nouns and adjectives describing them must agree, i.e. have the same grammatical case (nominative or accusative) and number (singular or plural).
Now there is a group of prepositions that can show both location and motion towards a location. Por is not one of them.
See a posting in the Duolingo forum When to use the -n ending.
Nala_Cat15 (프로필 보기) 2020년 5월 1일 오후 7:14:26
1:34
https://youtu.be/xn_jzwnYC-c
li uzas la akuzativon en la frazo:
"Mi estas vidanta katon" do kial ne "por instruitaj homojn
Nala_Cat15 (프로필 보기) 2020년 5월 1일 오후 7:18:54
sergejm (프로필 보기) 2020년 5월 2일 오전 5:22:51
por instruitaj homojnĈi tio ne eblas - "inistruITa" estas passiva patricipo.
Sed eblas:
por junulojN instruINTa viro
Nala_Cat15 (프로필 보기) 2020년 5월 2일 오전 6:27:27
Metsis (프로필 보기) 2020년 5월 2일 오전 10:24:05
Given the two real and one auxiliary tense with 2x2 aspects you get the English verb system.
Wikipedia:And so on.
Aspects of the present tense:
- Present simple (not progressive, not perfect): "I eat"
- Present progressive (progressive, not perfect): "I am eating"
- Present perfect (not progressive, perfect): "I have eaten"
- Present perfect progressive (progressive, perfect): "I have been eating"
As I said Esperanto has three real tenses, but the aspects are different than the English ones. The prefix ek- and the suffix -ad/ with the plain verb ending of -i form an aspect system of perfectness.
Remark: The grammatical moods are also aspects. The Wikipedia quote above uses the indicative mood. English lacks a separate imperative mood and uses again auxiliary verbs for the conditional mood. Esperanto has its reala modo, u-modo and imaga aŭ us-modo, but these do not map directly between English and Esperanto.
Besides the ek/ad-affixes there is also another aspect system in Esperanto, and this is what Evildea explains in the video.
He begins with a sentence "Mi vidas katon" that can be translated either to "I see a cat" or "I am seeing a cat". In English you MUST pick either form and these forms have different meanings because of the aspect. In Esperanto you usually go by that simple form (largely thanks to an early Esperantists Kazimierz Bein) and it is translatable into English either way. But if you absolute, necessary for some reason have to specify that at this very right moment you are seeing a cat, you can use aktivan adjektivan participon
- (Mi) (vidas) (katon) → (Mi) (estas vidanta) (katon).
While in theory the form of esti can be any of estis, estas, estos, estus and estu and vidi can be any of vidinta, vidanta and vidonta, many of these get really complex to explain in other languages.
Note that the active participles contain n before t (-int/, -ant/ and -ont/), while the passive participles not (-it/, -at/ and -ot/) as Sergejm pointed out.
This Youtube video might help you further.
Urho (프로필 보기) 2020년 5월 2일 오후 4:08:01
→ 49. Senakuzativaj prepozicioj