Can "sur" be put before days of the week (Monday) or dates(June 1st)?

And can it be used after "depends" in Esperanto? (dependas sur)

k1attack:Can "sur" be put before days of the week (Monday) or dates(June 1st)?

No. Use en, je, the adverbial ending or the accusative.

k1attack:And can it be used after "depends" in Esperanto? (dependas sur)

No, the correct expression is dependi de.

It's also possible to say lundon (for one-time event), or lunde (for an event that occurs every monday). But in fact I'm not absolutely sure I'm right because "lunde" is much more used, also in the sence of an event that occurs on a particular day. (I though controlled the grammar and I think I'm right)

jan aleksan:It's also possible to say lundon (for one-time event), or lunde (for an event that occurs every monday).

That's what darkweasel said:

darkweasel:Use en, je, the adverbial ending or the accusative.

Can "sur" mean "on" as in "on TV", "on the screen" or "on stage"?

And can the -n ending be used for months and years?

k1attack:Can "sur" mean "on" as in "on TV", "on the screen" or "on stage"?

And can the -n ending be used for months and years?

You make direct translation from english, but our natural language are not so logic (see French , with the word "à" ).

"Sur" means "on" in the sence of spatial location only. Unfortunately it doesn't mean only upon. ekz: "Mi farbas la farbon *sur* la muro"

And can the -n ending be used for months and years?

For the years I have no example in mind, but in theory it's possible.

k1attack:
Can "sur" be put before days of the week (Monday) or dates(June 1st)?

And can it be used after "depends" in Esperanto? (dependas sur)

Can "sur" mean "on" as in "on TV", "on the screen" or "on stage"?

And can the -n ending be used for months and years?

The Esperanto prepositions are always only used in their direct sense, so "sur podio" or "sur ekrano" are fine, because in fact somebody stands on a stage and a picture can be seen on the surface of the TV. "Sur la televidilo" we had flowers or photos, when screens weren't as flat as today

In German we say "im Fernsehen", "en TV". Where the English expression "on TV" comes from the impression that a picture appears "on screen", the German "in TV" results from the notion that the picture is generated inside the apparatus. Other languages may use even different prepositions here. I'd avoid the preposition in Esperanto by saying "Kion montras la televidilo?" instead of "Kio estas sur/en/je TV?", but maybe somebody has a better idea.

"Sur lundo" is wrong because "sur" is used only in a spatial sense, and nobody can be on a day. "lunde", "lundon", "je lundo" and "en lundo" are fine. Of course nobody can be "inside" a day, but "en lundo" can be read as "in the timespan of the day of Monday", so it is fine.

Like with everything in Esperanto, you can use a concept you learned for one thing on all other similar things, so it is perfectly correct not only to say "lunde" or "lundon", but also "maje" or "majon". To me the adverbial form means a regular occurrence and the accusative form a certain event, but the adverbial form is often used in the latter sense; you also often find constructions with "ĉi" in this meaning, e. g. "ĉi-maje". "Ĉi-jare" is also often found, "ĉi-tage" not so often, because there is already the word "hodiaŭ" (which does not mean that "ĉi-tage" would not be correct)

I've never seen anybody write "2010-e", but there is nothing wrong with it if it is clear that we speak about a year. But of course you can say "en (la jaro) 2010" in the same way you say "en majo" kaj "en lundo".

"dependi" comes from the word "pendi", which means "hang", so "to hang from", so "de" should be used as a preposition. The English "to depend on" has also a meaning of "apogi sur", which explains the use of the preposition "on".

jan aleksan:see French , with the word "à"

This one is so hard to grasp with countries and locations (especially with "en" when talking bout living in countries).

And can the -n ending be used for months and years?

For the years I have no example in mind, but in theory it's possible.

Maybe "La dumiljaron mi komencis legi librojn pri Esperanto" - dunno if that's right, but could that work as an example?

And what about "je"? Does it mean "at" as in "at 9 o'clock" or "at this time"?

ceigered:
Maybe "La dumiljaron mi komencis legi librojn pri Esperanto" - dunno if that's right, but could that work as an example?

Mi uzus "en (la jaro) 2000"

And what about "je"? Does it mean "at" as in "at 9 o'clock" or "at this time"?

Right! Pay attention: 'je la 8a" means at 8 o'clock, "la 8an" means on the 8th day of the month.