글: 44
언어: English
Kirilo81 (프로필 보기) 2015년 7월 5일 오후 1:57:53
BTW, also "mi estas bona" wouldn't be the usual answer to "Kiel vi fartas?", but "Mi fartas bone".
matus1940 (프로필 보기) 2015년 7월 5일 오후 4:24:52
The embarrassing "false friend" of farti: any suggestions for alternatives? Like: Cxu vi sanas? Or, imitating the Brazilian "Tudo bem?" — "Tudo!": Cxu bonas [cxio]? Oni respondus: "Cxio!"
WereVrock (프로필 보기) 2015년 7월 5일 오후 5:28:45
as nouns and pronouns are described by adjectives.I'm not sure if Esperanto has a specific rule preventing this but I think we can use "bone"
"bone" is an adverb and adverbs describe verbs. In "mi estas bone" "bone" describes the verb "estas". The sentence means "I am being goodly", "I am existing in a good way"
Breto (프로필 보기) 2015년 7월 5일 오후 7:07:42
Kirilo81 (프로필 보기) 2015년 7월 5일 오후 7:09:27
WereVrock:Trust me: You can't.as nouns and pronouns are described by adjectives.I'm not sure if Esperanto has a specific rule preventing this but I think we can use "bone"
WereVrock:"bone" is an adverb and adverbs describe verbs. In "mi estas bone" "bone" describes the verb "estas". The sentence means "I am being goodly", "I am existing in a good way"esti is a copula, it can't be described by adverbs (except for local ones). "I am existing in a good way" would be "mi ekzistas bone/en bona maniero".
nornen (프로필 보기) 2015년 7월 5일 오후 7:50:55
Kirilo81:I even doubt, that 'esti' as a copula can be described by a local adverb. In "Johano estas tie." the local adverb describes John.WereVrock:Trust me: You can't.as nouns and pronouns are described by adjectives.I'm not sure if Esperanto has a specific rule preventing this but I think we can use "bone"
WereVrock:"bone" is an adverb and adverbs describe verbs. In "mi estas bone" "bone" describes the verb "estas". The sentence means "I am being goodly", "I am existing in a good way"esti is a copula, it can't be described by adverbs (except for local ones). "I am existing in a good way" would be "mi ekzistas bone/en bona maniero".
It is not uncommon, that local adverbs relate to nouns, as in "Cxu vi vidas [la arbon tie]?". The "tie" doesn't describe the place of seeing, but the position of the tree.
But back to the original question:
Use -a with predicate nouns, when they refer to a nominal phrase: La patro estas sana.
Use -e with predicate nouns, when they refer to an infinitive construction or a clause: Resti kun leono estas dangxere. Estas triste, ke li mortis.
Breto (프로필 보기) 2015년 7월 5일 오후 8:46:17
Kirilo81:I'm pretty sure esti is more than merely a copula. It must cover some of the same space as ekzisti, because it can be used without help in simple statements of existence. For example:WereVrock:"bone" is an adverb and adverbs describe verbs. In "mi estas bone" "bone" describes the verb "estas". The sentence means "I am being goodly", "I am existing in a good way"esti is a copula, it can't be described by adverbs (except for local ones). "I am existing in a good way" would be "mi ekzistas bone/en bona maniero".
Esperanto: "Estas hundo."
English: "There is a dog."
Deutsch: "Es gibt ein Hund."
Español: "Hay un perro."
I believe these are all the same sentence...although in my defense, it's been a number of years since I've made any real use of German, and I'm not sure I've ever known enough Spanish to think I could create that sentence, so I'm not sure what inspired me to add it at all. Still, though, I'm pretty confident that the English and Esperanto sentences are equivalent, and I certainly intended the German and Spanish to be as well. If I remember right, Esperanto's mostly fluid word order means that "Estas hundo" is the same sentence as "Hundo estas"...and if I can just say "Hundo estas", why can't I talk about how that hundo estas?