К содержанию
Ответить

Estas + adjective or estas + adverb?

от WereVrock, 5 июля 2015 г.

Сообщений: 44

Язык: English

WereVrock (Показать профиль) 5 июля 2015 г., 12:27:50

Mi estas bone
Mi estas bona

Logically they both seem to be correct but I've never seen the latter usage. Is the latter usage grammatically correct?

Fenris_kcf (Показать профиль) 5 июля 2015 г., 13:01:24

Yes and it means something different. "Mi estas bone." can be the answer to "Kiel vi fartas?". "Mi estas bona." can be the answer to something like "Kia sciencisto estas vi?".

Kirilo81 (Показать профиль) 5 июля 2015 г., 13:57:53

I'm sorry, but the answer of Fenris is not correct. "Mi estas bone" is simply wrong, it can only be "mi estas bona", as nouns and pronouns are described by adjectives.
BTW, also "mi estas bona" wouldn't be the usual answer to "Kiel vi fartas?", but "Mi fartas bone".

matus1940 (Показать профиль) 5 июля 2015 г., 16:24:52

American 21st-century slang lets us answer, "I'm good!" to the question, "How are you?" "Mi estas bona" does not answer "Kiel vi fartas," but "Mi bonas!" maybe does. Let's stay with "Bone!" Esperanto should be succinct: fewer words say more.

The embarrassing "false friend" of farti: any suggestions for alternatives? Like: Cxu vi sanas? Or, imitating the Brazilian "Tudo bem?" — "Tudo!": Cxu bonas [cxio]? Oni respondus: "Cxio!"

WereVrock (Показать профиль) 5 июля 2015 г., 17:28:45

as nouns and pronouns are described by adjectives.
I'm not sure if Esperanto has a specific rule preventing this but I think we can use "bone"

"bone" is an adverb and adverbs describe verbs. In "mi estas bone" "bone" describes the verb "estas". The sentence means "I am being goodly", "I am existing in a good way"

Breto (Показать профиль) 5 июля 2015 г., 19:07:42

My understanding is both sentences are correct, and subtly different. In "Mi estas bona", bona is a description of mi. "I am a good I, rather than any other kind." In "Mi estas bone", bone is a description of estas. "I am being in a good manner, rather than any other way." In most contexts, for this particular pair of sentences, I'm not sure they are different enough to matter.

Kirilo81 (Показать профиль) 5 июля 2015 г., 19:09:27

WereVrock:
as nouns and pronouns are described by adjectives.
I'm not sure if Esperanto has a specific rule preventing this but I think we can use "bone"
Trust me: You can't.

WereVrock:"bone" is an adverb and adverbs describe verbs. In "mi estas bone" "bone" describes the verb "estas". The sentence means "I am being goodly", "I am existing in a good way"
esti is a copula, it can't be described by adverbs (except for local ones). "I am existing in a good way" would be "mi ekzistas bone/en bona maniero".

nornen (Показать профиль) 5 июля 2015 г., 19:50:55

Kirilo81:
WereVrock:
as nouns and pronouns are described by adjectives.
I'm not sure if Esperanto has a specific rule preventing this but I think we can use "bone"
Trust me: You can't.

WereVrock:"bone" is an adverb and adverbs describe verbs. In "mi estas bone" "bone" describes the verb "estas". The sentence means "I am being goodly", "I am existing in a good way"
esti is a copula, it can't be described by adverbs (except for local ones). "I am existing in a good way" would be "mi ekzistas bone/en bona maniero".
I even doubt, that 'esti' as a copula can be described by a local adverb. In "Johano estas tie." the local adverb describes John.
It is not uncommon, that local adverbs relate to nouns, as in "Cxu vi vidas [la arbon tie]?". The "tie" doesn't describe the place of seeing, but the position of the tree.

But back to the original question:
Use -a with predicate nouns, when they refer to a nominal phrase: La patro estas sana.
Use -e with predicate nouns, when they refer to an infinitive construction or a clause: Resti kun leono estas dangxere. Estas triste, ke li mortis.

Breto (Показать профиль) 5 июля 2015 г., 20:46:17

Kirilo81:
WereVrock:"bone" is an adverb and adverbs describe verbs. In "mi estas bone" "bone" describes the verb "estas". The sentence means "I am being goodly", "I am existing in a good way"
esti is a copula, it can't be described by adverbs (except for local ones). "I am existing in a good way" would be "mi ekzistas bone/en bona maniero".
I'm pretty sure esti is more than merely a copula. It must cover some of the same space as ekzisti, because it can be used without help in simple statements of existence. For example:

Esperanto: "Estas hundo."
English: "There is a dog."
Deutsch: "Es gibt ein Hund."
Español: "Hay un perro."

I believe these are all the same sentence...although in my defense, it's been a number of years since I've made any real use of German, and I'm not sure I've ever known enough Spanish to think I could create that sentence, so I'm not sure what inspired me to add it at all. Still, though, I'm pretty confident that the English and Esperanto sentences are equivalent, and I certainly intended the German and Spanish to be as well. If I remember right, Esperanto's mostly fluid word order means that "Estas hundo" is the same sentence as "Hundo estas"...and if I can just say "Hundo estas", why can't I talk about how that hundo estas?

WereVrock (Показать профиль) 5 июля 2015 г., 20:58:20

Kirilo81:esti is a copula, it can't be described by adverbs (except for local ones).
I'm not familiar with the concept "local adverb" but there is an example of "esti" with an adverb in the link you have provided :

"Ĉiam la infanoj estis kune."

Наверх