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Difference between kiu and kio as relative pronouns.

od lunaris_filia, 17. septembra 2015

Príspevky: 5

Jazyk: English

lunaris_filia (Zobraziť profil) 17. septembra 2015 11:27:00

Saluton!

I've recently continued learning Esperanto, and I've found such a question to which I hadn't really paid attention before. It seems to me that both kiu and kio can work as relative pronouns, but what is the difference between them? Thanks!

Sincere via,
Daniel.

sudanglo (Zobraziť profil) 17. septembra 2015 12:06:45

Think of kiu as meaning 'which one'.

If you are not picking out one out of others then use 'kio'

Li ne scias kion li volas - he doesn't know what he wants.
Li ne scias kiun li volas - he doesn't know which one he want

To see more model examples go to the Tekstaro, un-tick usklecon, deselect all sources, then select Ekzercaro from the source texts and search with 'kiu' and 'kio'. This will also throw up hits with 'kiun' and 'kion'.

lunaris_filia (Zobraziť profil) 17. septembra 2015 13:19:06

sudanglo:Think of kiu as meaning 'which one'.

If you are not picking out one out of others then use 'kio'
I appreciate your explanation very much! but what about the following sentences? I don't quite get it though. The only difference to me seems to be the antecedents.

Mi daŭrigis mian laboron, ĝis kiam iu knabo aŭ virino diris "bagus, bagus", kio signifas "tre bela" (Wiktionary).

Karlo restas fama pro la influo-batalo, kiun li entreprenis kontraŭ la Parlamento de Anglio (Wiktionary).

Thanks!

Daniel.

sudanglo (Zobraziť profil) 20. septembra 2015 13:37:51

Kiu as a relative pronoun implies that there are several such and you are talking about one of them.

Consider the following.

La virino uzis la vorton 'bagus, kiu signifas 'bela'

La virino diris 'bagus, kio signifas 'bela'

The difference is that in one case 'bagus' is identified as a member of a class (words).

In the other case 'bagus' is just used, without putting it into a category which has a number of members. We know it is a word but it is not explicitly referred to as such.

lunaris_filia (Zobraziť profil) 21. septembra 2015 11:46:07

sudanglo:In the other case 'bagus' is just used, without putting it into a category which has a number of members. We know it is a word but it is not explicitly referred to as such.
Thanks! I can understand better now.

Nahor